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High Leach-Resistan...
High Leach-Resistant Fire-Retardant Modified Pine Wood (Pinus sylvestris L.) by In Situ Phosphorylation and Carbamylation
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- Lin, Chia-Feng (author)
- Luleå tekniska universitet,Träteknik
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- Karlsson, Olov (author)
- Luleå tekniska universitet,Träteknik
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- Das, Oisik (author)
- Luleå tekniska universitet,Byggkonstruktion och brand
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- Mensah, Rhoda Afriyie (author)
- Luleå tekniska universitet,Byggkonstruktion och brand
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- Mantanis, George I. (author)
- Laboratory of Wood Science and Technology, Department of Forestry, Wood Sciences and Design, University of Thessaly, GR-431 00 Karditsa, Greece
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- Jones, Dennis (author)
- Luleå tekniska universitet,Träteknik,Department of Wood Processing and Biomaterials, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Praha 6-Suchdol, CZ-16521 Prague, Czech Republic
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- Antzutkin, Oleg N. (author)
- Luleå tekniska universitet,Kemiteknik
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- Försth, Michael (author)
- Luleå tekniska universitet,Byggkonstruktion och brand
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- Sandberg, Dick, 1967- (author)
- Luleå tekniska universitet,Träteknik,Department of Wood Processing and Biomaterials, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Praha 6-Suchdol, CZ-16521 Prague, Czech Republic
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(creator_code:org_t)
- 2023-03-14
- 2023
- English.
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In: ACS Omega. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 2470-1343. ; 8:12, s. 11381-11396
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https://doi.org/10.1...
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https://ltu.diva-por... (primary) (Raw object)
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Abstract
Subject headings
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- The exterior application of fire-retardant (FR) timber necessitates it to have high durability because of the possibility to be exposed to rainfall. In this study, water-leaching resistance of FR wood has been imparted by grafting phosphate and carbamate groups of the water-soluble FR additives ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP)/urea onto the hydroxyl groups of wood polymers via vacuum-pressure impregnation, followed by drying/heating in hot air. A darker and more reddish wood surface was observed after the modification. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, solid-state 13C cross-polarization magic-angle-spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (13C CP-MAS NMR), and direct-excitation 31P MAS NMR suggested the formation of C–O–P covalent bonds and urethane chemical bridges. Scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry suggested the diffusion of ADP/urea into the cell wall. The gas evolution analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis coupled with quadrupole mass spectrometry revealed a potential grafting reaction mechanism starting with the thermal decomposition of urea. Thermal behavior showed that the FR-modified wood lowered the main decomposition temperature and promoted the formation of char residues at elevated temperatures. The FR activity was preserved even after an extensive water-leaching test, confirmed by the limiting oxygen index (LOI) and cone calorimetry. The reduction of fire hazards was achieved through the increase of the LOI to above 80%, reduction of 30% of the peak heat release rate (pHRR2), reduction of smoke production, and a longer ignition time. The modulus of elasticity of FR-modified wood increased by 40% without significantly decreasing the modulus of rupture.
Subject headings
- LANTBRUKSVETENSKAPER -- Lantbruksvetenskap, skogsbruk och fiske -- Trävetenskap (hsv//swe)
- AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES -- Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries -- Wood Science (hsv//eng)
- NATURVETENSKAP -- Kemi -- Fysikalisk kemi (hsv//swe)
- NATURAL SCIENCES -- Chemical Sciences -- Physical Chemistry (hsv//eng)
Keyword
- Träteknik
- Wood Science and Engineering
- Byggkonstruktion
- Structural Engineering
- Chemistry of Interfaces
- Gränsytors kemi
Publication and Content Type
- ref (subject category)
- art (subject category)
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ACS Omega
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To the university's database
- By the author/editor
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Lin, Chia-Feng
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Karlsson, Olov
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Das, Oisik
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Mensah, Rhoda Af ...
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Mantanis, George ...
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Jones, Dennis
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Antzutkin, Oleg ...
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Försth, Michael
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Sandberg, Dick, ...
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- About the subject
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- AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES
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AGRICULTURAL SCI ...
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and Agriculture Fore ...
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and Wood Science
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- NATURAL SCIENCES
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NATURAL SCIENCES
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and Chemical Science ...
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and Physical Chemist ...
- Articles in the publication
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ACS Omega
- By the university
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Luleå University of Technology